News: 2011 bioblitz!

bioblitz shieldFarrell Lab undergraduate Adam Clark is leading the second annual Harvard bioblitz. Join us on May 1! More

News

Prof. Farrell co-authors new paper which answers longstanding scientific question about cause of tropics' stunning biodiversity. More

Current research

News pictureCurrent research extends the evolution of insect-plant interactions to other trophic levels through a broad collaboration in the beetle Tree of Life project.

A new research dimension in the lab concerns the acoustic signals produced for mating and territory defense. More

PCR - Primers used in the lab

 

We have designed and published a subset of these primers, all others remain unpublished or have been published by other labs.

  • Most of these primer sequences which have been published are there indicated whether they are mostly used for PCR or sequencing.
  • Degeneracies and special bases are as follows: N=A,C,G,T; R=A,G; Y=C,T; K=G,T; M=A,C; S=C,G; W=A,T; B=C,G,T; D=A,G,T; H=A,C,T; V=A,C,G; I=inosine.
  • Please note that these primers are used mostly for beetles and may not work for other taxa, or even all beetles.

 

18 S:


18e-s (sense) CTG GTT GAT CCT GCC AGT
r1138 (antisense) CGC CTT CGA ACC TCT AAC
f1094 (sense) GGA TCG TCG CAA GAC GGA CAG AAG
18p-c (antisense) TAA TGA TCC TTC CGC AGG TTC ACC T

 

28S


rd4.2b CCT TGG TCC GTG TTT CAA GAC GG
ZR1 GTC TTG AAA CAC GGA CCA AGG AGT CT
rd5b CCA CAG CGC CAG TTC TGC TTA C
AS3/5 TGC GGG ATG AAC CGA ACG
S3660 GAG AGT TMA ASA GTA CG TGA AAC
AS7 GGT CAG TCG GTC CTA AGA
AS8 TTC ACC TTG GAG ACC TGC TGC GG
ZX1 (sense) ACC CGC TGA ATT TAA GCA TAT
OP2 (antisense) CAG ACT AGA GTC AAG CTC AAC AGG
rd7b1 (an alternative to OP2 - antisense) GAC TTC CCT TAC CTA CAT
A160 CGC CTC TTC TCG CAA TGA GA
S1 GAC CCG TCT TGA AMC AMG GA
A1 TCC KGT KTT CAA GAC GGG TC
A247 CCT GAC TTC GTC CTG ACC AGG C
A335 TCG GAR GGA ACC AGC TAC TA

 

Arginine kinase:


ArgK forB2 GAY TCC GGW ATY GGW ATC TAY GCT CC
ArgK forB4 GAY CCC ATC ATC GAR GAC TAC C
ArgK revB1 TCN GTR AGR CCC ATW CGT CTC

 

CAD:


CD688R TGT ATA CCT AGA GGA TCD ACR TTY TCC ATR TTR CA
CD338F ATG AAR TAY GGY AAT CGT GGH CAY AA
CD668R ACG ACT TCA TAY TCN ACY TCY TTC CA

 

Cytochrome oxidase I and II (COI & COII):


LCO (sense) GGT CAA CAA ATC ATA AAG ATA TTG G
HCO (antisense) TAA ACT TCA GGG TGA CCA AAA AAT CA
a2963 (antisense) GAA CAT TCI TAT AAT GAA CTY CCT
a3014 (antisense) TCC AAT GCA CTA ATC TGC CAT ATT A
S1460 TAC AAT TTA TCG CCT AAA CTT CAG CC
S1541 TGA KCY GGA ATA STA GGA NCA TC
S1514 ACC AAT CAT AAA AAT ATT GG
S1718 GGA GGA TTT GGA AAT TGA TTA GTT CC
S1751 GGA TCA CCT GAT ATA GCA TTC CC
S1859 GGA ACI GGA TGA ACW GTT TAY CCI CC
A1969 CCT TTA GGT CGT ATA TTA ATT AC
S1991 GTA ATT AAT ATA CGA CCT AAA GG
A2167 CTT CGG GAT GTC CAA AAA ATC
S2183 CAA CAT TTA TTT TGA TTT TTT GG
S2191 GAA GTT TAT ATT TTA ATT TTA CCR G
A2191 CCC GGT AAA ATT AAA ATA TAA ACT TC
A2237 CCG AAT GCT TCT TTT TTA CCT CTT TCT TG
A2442 GCT AAT CAT CTA AAA ACT TTA ATT CCW GTW G
S2442 CCA ACA GGA ATT AAA ATT TTT AGA TGA TTA GC
A2542 GTA ATA TCA ATT GAT RAA TTA GC
A2590 GCT CCT ATT GAT ARW ACA TAR TGR AAA TG
S2617 GCA CAC TTT CAC TAT GTT CTA TCA ATA G
A2771 GGA TAR TCA GAR TAA CGT CGW GGT ATW C
S2798 GGW ATA CCW CGA CGT TAY TCT GAY TAT CC
S2840 TAT TAT TCT TCI TTA GGR TC
A2950 GGT GGA AGA TAT TGT AGT CAT TC
A2963 GAA CAT TCI TAT AAT GAA CTY CCT
S2963 GAA CAT TCI TAT AAT GAA CTY CCT
S2993 CWC CWG CWG AAC ATA GAT AAT CWG AAC
A3014 TCC AAT GCA CTA ATC TGC CAT ATT A
A3389 TCA TAA GTT CAR TAT CAT TG
A3568 CCT AAI GAW GGA ATW GTT CA
A3661 CCA CAA ATT TCT GAA CAT TGA CCA
A3772 GAG ACC ATT ACT TGC TTT CAG TCA TCT

 

Elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1a):


For1deg (sense) GYA TCG ACA ARC GTA CSA TYG
EFS372 (sense) CTG GTG AAT TTG AAG CYG GTA
EFA754=EFA5 (antisense) CCA CCA ATT TTG TAG ACA TC
Cho10Rev1 (antisense) AGC ATC DCC AGA YTT GAT RGC
EFS149 GAR AAR GAR GCN CAR GAR ATG GG
EFSI GTC GGT GTC AAC AAA ATG G
EFSII GGT TAC AAT CCN GCT GCT G
EFSIII CTC TTA TTG AYG CTT TGG ATG C
EFSIV GCC AAC ATC ACC ACT GAA G
EFAII CAG CAG CNG GAT TGT AAC C
EFAIII GCA TCC AAA GCR TCA ATA AGA G
EFAIV GGT GGG AGA ATR GCR TCC AAA G
EFAV CCA CCA ATT TTG TAG ACA TC
EFAVI CAT TTC AAC AGA CTT TAC TTC
EFAVII GGG TGG GTT GTT CTT YGA GTC
EFA923 ACG TTC TTC ACG TTG AAR CCA A
EFA1106 GTA TAT CCA TTG GAA ATT TGA CCN GGR TGR TT
EFS149B ATC GAG AAG TTC GAG AAG GAG GCY CAR GAA ATG GG
EFS175 GGA AAG TTT AAA AGG CTC CTT CAA GTA YGC YTG GG
EFA1105 TTC TCC TTG ATC TCN GCA AAY TTG CAN GC
EFA1255 CTC ATG TCA CGN ACA GCA AAN CGW CCN AGN GGN GG
EFS2551 TCC ACT GAA CCA CCA TAC AG
EFA2841T CCA CAC GAC CAA CAG GAC TG
EFA2846S CCA GTT TCT ACA CGA CCA ACA G
EFS11 AAR GCY GAR CGT GAR CGT GGT AT
EFS407 TGG MAY GGW GAY AAY ATG TTG GA
EFS473 CGY AAR GAR GGN AAR GCT GAA GG
EFA548 GNA GNG GRA GAC GRA GAG GTT TGT C
EFA785 ARA GCT TCR TGR TGC ATT TC
S19 ACN YTW TAY TTT ATY TTT GG
EF2 ATG TGA GCA GTG TGG CAA TCC AA
EFA1291 CTT GAT GAC GCC GAC RGC NAC NGT YTG